Ka 2018, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa khase ea elektroniki bakeng sa lipotoloho tse kopaneng o fihlile ho US $ 4.512 bilione, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 16%. Sekhahla se phahameng sa kholo ea indasteri ea khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki bakeng sa li-semiconductors le boholo bo boholo ba mmaraka bo potlakisitse leano la lehae la khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki!
Khase ea elektronike ke eng?
Khase ea elektronike e bua ka lisebelisoa tsa motheo tse sebelisoang ha ho etsoa li-semiconductors, li-panels tse bataletseng, li-diode tse hlahisang leseli, lisele tsa letsatsi le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa elektronike, 'me li sebelisoa haholo ho hloekisa, ho khabisa, ho etsa lifilimi, doping le mekhoa e meng. Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ts'ebeliso ea khase ea elektroniki li kenyelletsa indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, lisele tsa letsatsi, likhokahano tsa mehala, ho tsamaisa likoloi le litsamaiso tsa molumo oa koloi le livideo, sebaka sa sefofane, indasteri ea sesole le likarolo tse ling tse ngata.
Khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e supileng ho latela sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale: silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, boron, hydride ea tšepe, halide le alkoxide ea tšepe. Ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebeliso lipotolohong tse kopaneng, e ka aroloa ka khase ea doping, khase ea epitaxy, khase ea ho kenya ion, khase ea diode e ntšang khanya, khase ea etching, khase ea ho beha mouoane oa lik'hemik'hale le khase e leka-lekaneng. Ho na le likhase tse khethehileng tse fetang 110 tse sebelisoang indastering ea semiconductor, tseo ho tsona tse fetang 30 li sebelisoang hangata.
Ka kakaretso, indasteri ea tlhahiso ea semiconductor e arola likhase ka mefuta e 'meli: likhase tse tloaelehileng le likhase tse khethehileng. Har'a tsona, khase e sebelisoang hangata e bua ka phepelo e bohareng 'me e sebelisa khase e ngata, e kang N2, H2, O2, Ar, He, joalo-joalo. Khase e khethehileng e bua ka likhase tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ha ho etsoa tlhahiso ea semiconductor, tse kang katoloso, ente ea ion, ho kopanya, ho hlatsoa le ho theha mask, e leng seo hona joale re se bitsang khase e khethehileng ea elektronike, e kang SiH4, PH3, AsH3, B2H6, N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, HCl, Cl2, joalo-joalo.
Ts'ebetsong eohle ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea semiconductor, ho tloha ho kholo ea chip ho ea ho sephutheloana sa ho qetela sa lisebelisoa, hoo e batlang e le sehokelo se seng le se seng se ke ke sa arohanngoa le khase e khethehileng ea elektronike, le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea khase e sebelisoang le litlhoko tsa boleng bo phahameng, kahoo khase ea elektronike e na le lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor. “Lijo”.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, likarolo tse kholo tsa elektroniki tsa China joalo ka li-semiconductors le liphanele tsa ponts'o li eketsehile ka bokhoni bo bocha ba tlhahiso, 'me ho na le tlhokahalo e matla ea ho kenya sebaka sa thepa ea lik'hemik'hale tsa elektroniki. Boemo ba likhase tsa elektroniki indastering ea semiconductor bo ntse bo hlahella le ho feta. Indasteri ea lehae ea khase ea elektroniki e tla tlisa kholo e potlakileng.
Khase e khethehileng ea elektronike e na le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo bakeng sa bohloeki, hobane haeba bohloeki bo sa fihle ho litlhoko, lihlopha tsa litšila tse kang mouoane oa metsi le oksijene ka khase e khethehileng ea elektronike li tla theha filimi ea oxide habonolo holim'a semiconductor, e amang bophelo ba tšebeletso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, 'me khase e khethehileng ea elektronike e na le Likaroloana tsa litšila li ka baka li-circuits tse khutšoane tsa semiconductor le tšenyo ea potoloho. Ho ka boleloa hore ntlafatso ea bohloeki e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho hlahisa le ho sebetsa ha tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike.
Ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea indasteri ea semiconductor, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea li-chip e ntse e ntlafala, 'me joale e se e fihlile ho 5nm, e leng haufi le ho atamela moeli oa Molao oa Moore, o lekanang le karolo ea mashome a mabeli ea bophara ba moriri oa motho. hoo e ka bang 0.1 mm). Ka hona, sena se boetse se fana ka litlhoko tse phahameng mabapi le bohloeki ba khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki e hlahisoang ke li-semiconductors.
Nako ea poso: Dec-15-2021
