Ka 2018, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa khase ea elektroniki bakeng sa lipotoloho tse kopantsoeng o fihlile ho US$4.512 bilione, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 16%. Sekhahla se phahameng sa kholo ea indasteri ea khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki bakeng sa li-semiconductor le boholo bo boholo ba 'maraka li potlakisitse moralo oa lehae oa ho nkela khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki sebaka!
Khase ea elektrone ke eng?
Khase ea elektroniki e bolela mohloli oa motheo o sebelisoang tlhahisong ea li-semiconductor, lipontšo tsa phanele e bataletseng, li-diode tse ntšang leseli, lisele tsa letsatsi le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki, 'me e sebelisoa haholo ho hloekiseng, ho fata, ho theha lifilimi, ho sebelisa lithethefatsi le lits'ebetso tse ling. Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ts'ebeliso ea khase ea elektroniki li kenyelletsa indasteri ea elektroniki, lisele tsa letsatsi, puisano ea mehala ea thekeng, ho tsamaea ha likoloi le litsamaiso tsa molumo le video tsa likoloi, lifofane, indasteri ea sesole le masimo a mang a mangata.
Khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki e ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse supileng ho latela sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale: silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, boron, metal hydride, halide le metal alkoxide. Ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebeliso lipotolohong tse kopaneng, e ka aroloa ka khase ea doping, khase ea epitaxy, khase ea ion implantation, khase ea light-emitting diode, khase ea ho hlaba, khase ea chemical vapor deposition le khase ea balance. Ho na le likhase tse khethehileng tse fetang 110 tse sebelisoang indastering ea semiconductor, tseo ho tsona tse fetang 30 li sebelisoang hangata.
Ka kakaretso, indasteri ea tlhahiso ea semiconductor e arola likhase ka mefuta e 'meli: likhase tse tloaelehileng le likhase tse khethehileng. Har'a tsona, khase e sebelisoang hangata e bolela phepelo e bohareng 'me e sebelisa khase e ngata, joalo ka N2, H2, O2, Ar, He, jj. Khase e khethehileng e bolela likhase tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea semiconductor, joalo ka katoloso, ente ea ion, ho kopanya, ho hlatsoa le ho theha maske, e leng seo re se bitsang khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki, joalo ka SiH4 e hloekileng haholo, PH3, AsH3, B2H6, N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, HCl, Cl2, jj.
Ts'ebetsong eohle ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea semiconductor, ho tloha kholong ea chip ho isa ho sephutheloana sa ho qetela sa sesebelisoa, hoo e batlang e le khokahano e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ha e aroloe ho khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki, le mefuta e fapaneng ea khase e sebelisitsoeng le litlhoko tsa boleng bo holimo, kahoo khase ea elektroniki e na le thepa ea semiconductor. "Lijo".
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, likarolo tse kholo tsa elektroniki tsa Chaena tse kang li-semiconductor le liphanele tsa ponts'o li eketsehile ka bokhoni bo bocha ba tlhahiso, 'me ho na le tlhoko e matla ea ho nkeloa sebaka ha thepa ea lik'hemik'hale tsa elektroniki ho tsoa kantle ho naha. Boemo ba likhase tsa elektroniki indastering ea li-semiconductor bo se bo hlahelletse haholoanyane. Indasteri ea khase ea elektroniki ea lehae e tla tlisa kholo e potlakileng.
Khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki e na le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo bakeng sa bohloeki, hobane haeba bohloeki bo sa fihlelle litlhoko, lihlopha tsa litšila tse kang mouoane oa metsi le oksijene khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki li tla etsa filimi ea oxide habonolo holim'a semiconductor, e amang bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, 'me khase e khethehileng ea elektroniki e na le likaroloana tsa litšila tse ka bakang lipotoloho tse khutšoane tsa semiconductor le tšenyo ea potoloho. Ho ka boleloa hore ntlafatso ea bohloeki e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong le ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.
Ka ntshetsopele e tswelang pele ya indasteri ya di-semiconductor, tshebetso ya tlhahiso ya di-chip e ntse e ntlafala, mme jwale e fihlile ho 5nm, e leng haufi le ho atamela moedi wa Molao wa Moore, o lekanang le karolo ya mashome a mabedi ya bophara ba moriri wa motho (hoo e ka bang 0.1 mm). Ka hona, sena se boetse se hlahisa ditlhoko tse hodimo mabapi le bohlweki ba kgase e ikgethang ya elektroniki e hlahiswang ke di-semiconductor.
Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-15-2021
